From the Apollo era, it is known that dust on the Moon can cause serious problems for exploration activities. Such problems include adhering to clothing and equipment, reducing external visibility on landings, and causing difficulty breathing and vision within the spacecraft. As NASA is preparing to send humans back to the Moon under the Artemis … Read More →
Cybersecurity for Space Assets: Focusing on SmallSats and CubeSats
The United States Space Development Agency’s director Derek Tournear, recently said that he does not consider missiles as the biggest threat to the satellites, instead, the cybersecurity and intrusion attacks are more dangerous in today’s scenario. Although satellites are physically far away, throwing them into space and having a global, always-on connection means they should … Read More →
Lunar Caves, Potential Shelter for Humans in Lunar Colonization
The Moon’s surface is covered by millions of craters, but it also hosts hundreds of very steep-walled holes known as pits. Like doorways to the underworld, photos of some pits clearly show a cavern beneath the Moon’s surface, suggesting that they are ‘skylights’ into extensive lava tubes that can be extremely wide and could even … Read More →
Positioning on the Moon without Global Positioning System (GPS)
Lunar or planetary exploration rovers have and will continue to have the function of travel across areas in unknown environments within limited mission periods. Planetary and lunar surface generally consists of flat ground, sand, and scattered rocks. The localization of lunar rovers and robots is essential for carrying out important scientific functions and data gathering … Read More →
Engineering the M2M wireless communication system on the Moon
Lunar exploration has important strategic significance, the current major international space power and organizations will take the Moon exploration as a starting point for deep space exploration. Many have already launched a series of lunar activities. In planning for future human exploration activities in a lunar environment, the wireless communications infrastructure used will be of … Read More →
Going Back to the Moon? Choose a Lander Wisely
Humans have been building lunar landers since the 1950s, in anticipation of the first moon landing. The space industry is again planning for lunar exploration by sending astronauts and robots. However, this time the moon missions would be much different from the previous ones. These missions will need moon landers, but technologically are much more … Read More →